Rounding off double to specified number of digits

You can’t set the precision of a double (or Double) to a specified number of decimal digits, because floating-point values don’t have decimal digits. They have binary digits.

You will have to convert into a decimal radix, either via BigDecimal or DecimalFormat, depending on what you want to do with the value later.

DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("#.####");
df.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.CEILING);
for (Number n : Arrays.asList(12, 123.12345, 0.23, 0.1, 2341234.212431324)) {
    Double d = n.doubleValue();
    System.out.println(df.format(d));
}

You can try BIGDECIMAL for this purpose

Double toBeTruncated = new Double("3.5789055");

Double truncatedDouble = new BigDecimal(toBeTruncated)
    .setScale(3, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP)
    .doubleValue();

Interview Standard Algorithm Questions

http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/top-10-algorithms-in-interview-questions/

1) Checking for valid parenthesis and longest valid parenthesis?

Longest Valid Parenthesis

Union Find

Union Find by rank and path compression
Time complexity of union and find operations is O(log n) by using rank and path compression.

// Detect cycle in an undirected graph.

public class Main {
	
	public static class Edge {
		int v1, v2;
		
		public Edge(int v1, int v2) {
			this.v1 = v1;
			this.v2 = v2;
		}
	}
	
	public static class Graph {
		int v;
		Edge[] e;
		
		public Graph(int v, int edgeCount) {
			this.v = v;
			e = new Edge[edgeCount];
		}
	}	
	
	public static class UnionFind {
		int rank;
		int parent;
		
		public UnionFind(int rank, int parent){
			this.rank = rank;
			this.parent = parent;
		}
	}
	
	public static int find(int x, UnionFind[] uf) {
		if(uf[x].parent != x) {
			uf[x].parent = find(uf[x].parent, uf);
		}
		
		return uf[x].parent;
	}
	
	public static void union(int v1, int v2, UnionFind[] uf) {
		int p1 = find(v1, uf);
		int p2 = find(v2, uf);
		
	    if(uf[p1].rank < uf[p2].rank){ 	    	uf[p1].parent = p2; 	    } else if(uf[p1].rank > uf[p2].rank){
	    	uf[p2].parent = p1;
	    } else {
	    	uf[p1].parent = p2;
	    	uf[p2].rank++;	    	
	    }
	}
	
	public static int checkCycle(Graph g){
		
		UnionFind[] uf = new UnionFind[g.v];
		
		for(int i=0; i<g.v; i++) {
			uf[i] = new UnionFind(0,i);
		}
		
		for(int i=0; i<g.e.length; i++) {
			int p1 = find(g.e[i].v1, uf);
			int p2 = find(g.e[i].v2, uf);
			
			if(p1 == p2){
				return 1;
			}			
			union(g.e[i].v1, g.e[i].v2, uf);			
		}			
		return 0;
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] arsg){
		Main m = new Main();
		Graph g = new Graph(5, 4);
		
		g.e[0] = new Edge(0,1);
		g.e[1] = new Edge(1,2);
		g.e[2] = new Edge(2,3);
		g.e[3] = new Edge(3,0);
		
		if(checkCycle(g) == 1){
			System.out.println("Graph contains cycle");
		} else {
			System.out.println("Graph does not contains cycle");
		}		
	}
}

In naive implementation the time complexity of union and find operations in O(n)

// Naive implementation of find
int find(int parent[], int i)
{
    if (parent[i] == -1)
        return i;
    return find(parent, parent[i]);
}
  
// Naive implementation of union()
void Union(int parent[], int x, int y)
{
    int xset = find(parent, x);
    int yset = find(parent, y);
    parent[xset] = yset;
}